SQL predicates, also referred to as conditional expressions, specify a condition of a row or group that has one of three possible states: TRUE, FALSE NULL (or unknown). SQL Predicates are found on the tail end of clauses, functions, and SQL expressions inside of existing query statements SQL Predicates Categories Basic Predicate – A basic […]
SQL Predicates: use in COBOL DB2 Queries Read More »
XSUM Control Statement captures the dropped duplicate records which are eliminated out of DFSORT in a separate file. The SUM Control Statement deletes records with equal control fields and optionally summarizes specified numeric fields on those records. The SUM control statement specifies that, whenever two records are found with equal sort or merge control fields, the
XSUM – Remove Duplicate Records using SORT Read More »
OUTFIL can create multiple output data sets from a single input data set. Here are five ways you can use OUTFIL to split datasets into multiple datasets. All five can be used with SORT, MERGE, or COPY. For illustration, the examples shown here assume you want to split the data set into THREE output data
Split dataset using Mainframe SORT utility Read More »
You can change ASCII to EBCDIC in a file using ATOE function. Also EBCDIC to ASCII conversion can be done by using ETOA function. Translation features of INREC, OUTREC and OUTFIL make it easy to Change ASCII characters to their equivalent EBCDIC characters using the default standard TCP/IP service. ATOE – Instructs MFX to translate
ASCII to EBCDIC or EBCDIC to ASCII conversion Read More »
EXISTS and NOT EXISTS are used with a subquery in the WHERE clause to examine if the result the subquery returns is TRUE or FALSE. It will identify the existence of a relationship without regard for quantity. For example, if the subquery returns at least one record in its result set, the EXISTS clause will evaluate to true
EXISTS vs NOT EXISTS use in Subqueries Read More »
WER027A – CONTROL FIELD BEYOND RECORD EXPLANATION Explanation: The location of the last byte of a SORT/MERGE or JOINKEYS control field is located beyond the maximum record length specified or column 32750, or a variable-length record is shorter than the ending location of a specified SORT/MERGE or JOINKEYS control field. SORT FIELDS=(7,4,CH,A,26,4,CH,A) INREC FIELDS=(1:7,4,5:26,4)
WER027A WER039A WER046A WER235A – Syncsort Error Read More »
The sysibm.sysdummy1 table is a special in-memory table that can be used to fetch the value of DB2 registers Date-Time-Timestamp. To extract a certain portion of data from the current timestamp you can use the below-mentioned functions. Specifying CURRENT_TIMESTAMP is equivalent to specifying CURRENT TIMESTAMP. Date-Time-Timestamp SELECT current date FROM sysibm.sysdummy1 SELECT current time FROM
Date-Time-Timestamp use in SQL Queries Read More »
The VSAM interview questions and answers are intended for those with a working knowledge of VSAM as a programmer. This will help you prepare for technical VSAM interview and online selection tests during campus placement for freshers and job interviews for professionals. VSAM Interview Questions with Answers 1. What is a control interval, control area,
VSAM Interview Questions with Answers Read More »
SHIFT =LEFT will left-squeeze by removing all of the blanks, shifting the remaining characters to the left and padding on the right with blanks if needed. SHIFT =RIGHT indicates that you want to right-squeeze by removing all of the blanks, shifting the remaining characters to the right and padding on the left with blanks if
SHIFT : Add or Remove SPACES-characters to input data Read More »
We can use INSPECT or UPPERCASE or LOWERCASE COBOL function to convert the case of alphanumeric, alphabetic, or national strings. Translation features of INREC, OUTREC and OUTFIL make it easy to change the case of characters in your fields. INSPECT verb in COBOL is very useful and it is used to do the following functionalities
Uppercase to Lowercase conversion – COBOL, DB2 & SORT Read More »
If you have a requirement to check Empty File before applying certain operations then it can be done using ICETOOL or FILEAID or IDCAMS or IEBPTPCH or ISRSUPC or SORT utilities.The following requirements can be met using below mentioned JCL utilities: 1. Need to check if a data set is empty or not. If it’s
EMPTY File condition check using JCL utilities Read More »
The INSPECT statement can be used to tally the number of occurrences of specific character strings, to replace characters by other characters, or to convert from one set of characters to another including UPPERCASE TO LOWERCASE and vice versa. The INSPECT verb has two options, TALLYING and REPLACING. You can do one or the other
INSPECT statement in COBOL Programs Read More »
DB2 Cursor builds a results table to hold all the rows retrieved by executing a SELECT statement. DB2 uses a cursor to make the rows, from the results table, available to the application program. A cursor identifies the current row of the results table. When you use a cursor, the program can retrieve each row
DB2 Cursor use in COBOL Programs Read More »
ROWSET processing is a group of rows for the result set of a query that is returned by a single FETCH statement. You can control the number of rows you want to fetch and return by specifying rowset limit in your program. ROWSET size is specified on the FETCH statement, the maximum rowset size is
ROWSET Processing using Cursor – DB2 Read More »
Arrays are data structures that are used to simplify coding and improve processing efficiency. It is a linear data structure and is a collection of individual data items of the same type. Data items of a table array are internally sorted. An array can contain any number of data items of identical type and size. Each
Arrays Handling using index and subscript Read More »
SSRANGE: Arrays in COBOL are known as tables. An array is a linear data structure and is a collection of individual data items of the same type. Data items of a table are internally sorted. Let’s say we have an array of 100 occurrences and program tried to access 101 occurrences of the array then
SSRANGE vs NOSSRANGE compiler option Read More »
You can convert an FB data set to a VB data set with OUTFIL’s FTOV parameter. Each VB output record has a 4-byte RDW followed by the corresponding data from the FB input record, and the length in the RDW is the length of the FB record plus 4. The following JCL and DFSORT control
FTOV – Convert FB file to VB file format Read More »
The VTOF utility is a tool designed to perform the conversion from VB to FB format. It is commonly used in mainframe environments, where data files are often stored in fixed-length record formats for efficiency and ease of processing. You can use OUTFIL – VTOF and BUILD or OUTREC parameters. All these PARSE, BUILD, or
VTOF – Convert VB file to FB file format Read More »
VLSCMP and VLSHRT are the utilities used with VB files. In VB records always add 4 to the starting position. This is to account for the 4-byte RDW. For example, the following INCLUDE statement compares a PD field in the third through fifth data bytes of a VB record to a PD field in the
VLSCMP and VLSHRT use in VB file Read More »
The JCL interview questions and answers are intended for those with a working knowledge of JCL as a programmer. This will help you prepare for technical JCL interview and online selection tests during campus placement for freshers and job interviews for professionals. JCL Interview Questions with Answers 1. What is the purpose and meaning of
JCL Interview Questions with Answers Read More »
The DB2 interview questions and answers are intended for those with a working knowledge of DB2 as a programmer. This will help you prepare for technical DB2 interview and online selection tests during campus placement for freshers and job interviews for professionals. DB2 Interview Questions 1. What do the initials DDL and DML stand for
DB2 Interview Questions with Answers Read More »
COBOL or Common Business Oriented Language is an English like compiled programming language used mainly for business COBOL Interview questions with answers will help you prepare for technical interviews and online selection tests during campus placement for freshers and job interviews for professionals. COBOL Interview questions with answers 1. What is the distinction among INCLUDE
COBOL Interview Questions with Answers Read More »
An INTERSECT operation retrieves the matching set of distinct values (not rows) from two columns. The INTERSECT ALL returns the set of matching individual rows. An INTERSECT and/or EXCEPT operation is done by matching ALL of the columns in the top and bottom result sets. In other words, these are rows, not the column, operations.
INTERSECT and EXCEPT use in SQL Queries Read More »
A UNION operation combines two sets of columns and removes duplicates. The UNION ALL expression does the same but does not remove the duplicates. When DB2 encounters the keyword, it processes each select / sub-select to form an interim result table, then it combines the interim result table and deletes duplicate rows to form a
UNION vs UNION ALL use in SQL Queries Read More »
DYNALLOC PARM: This option requests the dynamic allocation of SORTWK data sets. DYNALLOC=OFF can be specified to override a DYNALLOC=ON installation default. If DYNALLOC has been specified on the SORT control statement as well as in the PARM field, the PARM specification will take precedence. ZDPRINT PARM: This option applies to the SUM, DUPKEYS SUM, and
PARM: How to use in SORT JCL with examples Read More »
