SQL predicates, also referred to as conditional expressions, specify a condition of a row or group that has one of three possible states: TRUE, FALSE NULL (or unknown). SQL Predicates are found on the tail end of clauses, functions, and SQL expressions inside of existing query statements SQL Predicates Categories Basic Predicate – A basic
Eliminating duplicate records while preserving clean output and capturing the discarded duplicates can be efficiently achieved using the DFSORT or SyncSORT utility’s SUM FIELDS=NONE, XSUM feature. The SUM control statement is designed to aggregate numeric fields when records share a common sort key. However, by specifying FIELDS=NONE, numeric summation is bypassed, and only one unique
OUTFIL can create multiple output data sets from a single input data set. Here are five ways you can use OUTFIL to split datasets into multiple datasets. All five can be used with SORT, MERGE, or COPY. For illustration, the examples shown here assume you want to split the data set into THREE output data
You can change ASCII to EBCDIC in a file using ATOE function. Also EBCDIC to ASCII conversion can be done by using ETOA function. Translation features of INREC, OUTREC and OUTFIL make it easy to Change ASCII characters to their equivalent EBCDIC characters using the default standard TCP/IP service. ATOE – Instructs MFX to translate
EXISTS and NOT EXISTS are used with a subquery in the WHERE clause to examine if the result the subquery returns is TRUE or FALSE. It will identify the existence of a relationship without regard for quantity. For example, if the subquery returns at least one record in its result set, the EXISTS clause will evaluate to true
WER027A – CONTROL FIELD BEYOND RECORD EXPLANATION Explanation: The location of the last byte of a SORT/MERGE or JOINKEYS control field is located beyond the maximum record length specified or column 32750, or a variable-length record is shorter than the ending location of a specified SORT/MERGE or JOINKEYS control field. SORT FIELDS=(7,4,CH,A,26,4,CH,A) Â Â INREC FIELDS=(1:7,4,5:26,4)
WER027A WER039A WER046A WER235A – Syncsort Error Read More »
The sysibm.sysdummy1 table is a special in-memory table that can be used to fetch the value of DB2 registers Date-Time-Timestamp. To extract a certain portion of data from the current timestamp you can use the below-mentioned functions. Specifying CURRENT_TIMESTAMP is equivalent to specifying CURRENT TIMESTAMP. Date-Time-Timestamp SELECT current date FROM sysibm.sysdummy1 SELECT current time FROM
The VSAM interview questions and answers are intended for those with a working knowledge of VSAM as a programmer. This will help you prepare for technical VSAM interview and online selection tests during campus placement for freshers and job interviews for professionals. VSAM Interview Questions with Answers 1. What is a control interval, control area,
SHIFT =LEFT will left-squeeze by removing all of the blanks, shifting the remaining characters to the left and padding on the right with blanks if needed. SHIFT =RIGHT indicates that you want to right-squeeze by removing all of the blanks, shifting the remaining characters to the right and padding on the left with blanks if
SHIFT : Add or Remove SPACES-characters to input data Read More »
We can use INSPECT or UPPERCASE or LOWERCASE COBOL function to convert the case of alphanumeric, alphabetic, or national strings. Translation features of INREC, OUTREC and OUTFIL make it easy to change the case of characters in your fields. INSPECT verb in COBOL is very useful and it is used to do the following functionalities
Uppercase to Lowercase conversion – COBOL, DB2 & SORT Read More »
There are scenarios where you need to check if the input is Empty File before performing further actions. This ensures your program doesn’t waste CPU cycles processing this file or avoid abends due to unexpected input conditions. Mainframe utilities such as ICETOOL, FILEAID, IDCAMS, IEBPTPCH, ISRSUPC, and SORT set specific return codes when encountering an input
The INSPECT statement can be used to tally the number of occurrences of specific character strings, to replace characters by other characters, or to convert from one set of characters to another including UPPERCASE TO LOWERCASE and vice versa. The INSPECT verb has two options, TALLYING and REPLACING. You can do one or the other
DB2 Cursor builds a results table to hold all the rows retrieved by executing a SELECT statement. DB2 uses a cursor to make the rows, from the results table, available to the application program. A cursor identifies the current row of the results table. When you use a cursor, the program can retrieve each row
ROWSET processing is a group of rows for the result set of a query that is returned by a single FETCH statement. You can control the number of rows you want to fetch and return by specifying rowset limit in your program. ROWSET size is specified on the FETCH statement, the maximum rowset size is
Arrays are data structures that are used to simplify coding and improve processing efficiency. It is a linear data structure and is a collection of individual data items of the same type. Data items of a table array are internally sorted. An array can contain any number of data items of identical type and size. Each
SSRANGE: Arrays in COBOL are known as tables. An array is a linear data structure and is a collection of individual data items of the same type. Data items of a table are internally sorted. Let’s say we have an array of 100 occurrences and program tried to access 101 occurrences of the array then
You can convert an FB data set to a VB data set with OUTFIL’s FTOV parameter. Each VB output record has a 4-byte RDW followed by the corresponding data from the FB input record, and the length in the RDW is the length of the FB record plus 4. The following JCL and DFSORT control
VTOF (Variable to Fixed), in mainframe environments, data files are often stored in either Fixed Blocked (FB) or Variable Blocked (VB) formats. While VB files are excellent for saving storage space when record lengths vary significantly, many legacy applications, reporting tools, and downstream processes require strictly fixed-length records. When you need to convert a Variable Blocked file to a Fixed
VLSCMP and VLSHRT are the utilities used with VB files. In VB records always add 4 to the starting position. This is to account for the 4-byte RDW. For example, the following INCLUDE statement compares a PD field in the third through fifth data bytes of a VB record to a PD field in the
The JCL interview questions and answers are intended for those with a working knowledge of JCL as a programmer. This will help you prepare for technical JCL interview and online selection tests during campus placement for freshers and job interviews for professionals. JCL Interview Questions with Answers 1. What is the purpose and meaning of
The DB2 interview questions and answers are intended for those with a working knowledge of DB2 as a programmer. This will help you prepare for technical DB2 interview and online selection tests during campus placement for freshers and job interviews for professionals. DB2 Interview Questions 1. What do the initials DDL and DML stand for
COBOL or Common Business Oriented Language is an English like compiled programming language used mainly for business COBOL Interview questions with answers will help you prepare for technical interviews and online selection tests during campus placement for freshers and job interviews for professionals. COBOL Interview questions with answers 1. What is the distinction among INCLUDE
An INTERSECT operation retrieves the matching set of distinct values (not rows) from two columns. The INTERSECT ALL returns the set of matching individual rows. An INTERSECT and/or EXCEPT operation is done by matching ALL of the columns in the top and bottom result sets. In other words, these are rows, not the column, operations.
A UNION operation combines two sets of columns and removes duplicates. The UNION ALL expression does the same but does not remove the duplicates. When DB2 encounters the keyword, it processes each select / sub-select to form an interim result table, then it combines the interim result table and deletes duplicate rows to form a
DYNALLOC PARM: This option requests the dynamic allocation of SORTWK data sets. DYNALLOC=OFF can be specified to override a DYNALLOC=ON installation default. If DYNALLOC has been specified on the SORT control statement as well as in the PARM field, the PARM specification will take precedence. ZDPRINT PARM: This option applies to the SUM, DUPKEYS SUM, and
